中俄再次否决安理会涉叙决议草案

Russia and China vetoed a U.N. Security Council resolution that would have threatened sanctions against Syria's leadership.

俄罗斯和中国否决了联合国安理会一项有关叙利亚问题的决议草案。若该项决议草案获得通过，将可能针对叙利亚政府领导层实施制裁。

It was the third time Russia and China vetoed a resolution intended to pressure the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to leave power. The failure of the latest diplomacy points to a growing likelihood that Syria's fate will be decided by bloody clashes in the streets of the capital and not in the halls of the U.N.

这是俄罗斯和中国第三次否决意在迫使叙利亚总统阿萨德(Bashar al-Assad)领导的政府交权的安理会决议草案。这项最新外交行动的失败说明叙利亚的命运将越来越有可能由首都大马士革街头的流血冲突决定，而不是在联合国的会议厅中决定。

The British-drafted resolution, co-sponsored by the U.S., France and Germany, would have given the Syrian government 10 days to withdraw its troops and heavy weapons from populated areas or face sanctions targeted at the regime's elite. Though not specified in the resolution, the threatened sanctions were to have included asset freezes and international travel restrictions on senior Syrian officials. South Africa and Pakistan abstained.

这份由英国起草、由美、法、德联合提交的决议草案若获得通过，将限定叙利亚政府在10天内从人口聚集地区撤出部队和重型武器，否则叙利亚政府高层领导人将面临制裁。尽管决议草案并未详细说明将采取何种制裁措施，但可能的制裁将包括冻结叙利亚高层官员的资产及限制国际旅行。南非和巴基斯坦投了弃权票。

Chinese Ambassador Li Baodong said Beijing vetoed the resolution because it had 'uneven content intended to put pressure on only one party.' He said that if passed, the resolution would 'aggravate the turmoil and cause spillover to the other countries in the region.' Mr. Li also called the West 'rigid and arrogant.'

中国常驻联合国代表李保东说，北京方面投了否决票是因为决议草案内容不平衡，旨在单方施压。他说，如果决议草案获得通过，不但会使动荡的局势进一步升级，而且还会向本地区其他国家蔓延。他还称提案国对相关国家的合理和核心关切态度僵硬傲慢。

The failure of the Western resolution means the mandate for the U.N.'s 300-person observer mission in Syria could run out Friday night.

西方提出的决议草案未能获得通过，这意味着联合国驻叙利亚300人观察团的授权可能在周五夜间到期后不能获得延长。

Susan Rice, the U.S. ambassador to the U.N., hinted that Washington might block the continuation of the mission. 'We have been very clear that a rollover of the U.N. mission without it being tied to consequences for noncompliance or an improvement on the ground doesn't make any sense,' she said.

美国驻联合国大使赖斯(Susan Rice)暗示说，华盛顿方面可能阻止延长联合国观察团在叙利亚的时间。她说，我们一直非常明确地表示，在联合国观察团的授权时限与叙利亚冲突方违反协议的后果或地面形势的改善不挂钩的情况下，延长观察团的授权是不合理的。

Ms. Rice said the U.S. might agree to a brief extension of the mission, probably of 30 days, if the monitors could be safely withdrawn should that be necessary. 'Unless circumstances change on the ground, it is not viable for the mission to continue,' she said.

赖斯说，如果观察员能够在需要的时候安全撤出叙利亚，美国可能同意短期延长联合国观察团的授权，或许同意延长30天。她说，除非地面形势发生变化，否则延长授权是不可行的。

Instead, Ms. Rice said, the U.S. would 'intensify our work with partners outside the Security Council to put pressure on the Assad regime.' She didn't elaborate. The U.S. is part of a 70-nation Friends of Syria group that has supported the uprising.

赖斯说，美国将转而加强与安理会以外的合作伙伴的合作，以向阿萨德政府施压，但没有详加说明。美国是70个国家组成的“叙利亚之友”(Friends of Syria)组织的成员，该组织支持反对派。

Also Thursday, European Union member states reached a deal on a new package of sanctions on Syria, including ordering member states to search ships and planes suspected of carrying arms to the country, European diplomats said.

此外，欧洲外交人士说，欧盟成员国周四就针对叙利亚的一揽子新制裁措施达成协议，其中包括下令成员国搜查被怀疑向该国运送武器的船只和飞机。

The split at the Security Council shows the deepening divisions over Syria between the West and Russia. Russian officials say their position is based on an adamant opposition to regime change, particularly if it is led by Western military intervention, as in Libya.

安理会在这项决议上意见不一显示了西方国家和俄罗斯在叙利亚问题上的分歧日益深化。俄罗斯官员说，他们的立场基于坚决反对政权更迭，尤其是西方国家领导下军事干预导致的政权更迭，就像在利比亚那样。

Vitaly Churkin, Russia's ambassador to the U.N., accused the U.S. and its allies of having 'fanned the flames of extremists and terrorists groups.'

俄罗斯驻联合国大使丘尔金(Vitaly Churkin)指责美国及其盟国煽动了极端分子和恐怖组织的怒火。

Asked what the West's geopolitical designs in Syria were, Mr. Churkin said, 'It's all about Iran.' He said 'unexpected changes brought about by the [2003 U.S.] invasion of Iraq,' which had strengthened Iran, required the West to weaken Tehran by challenging its ally in Damascus. 'There is no serious person I've talked to that doubts that a major geopolitical battle is being fought in Syria and the people of Syria have no interest in that.'

当被问及西方国家在叙利亚设计的地缘政治格局是什么时，丘尔金说，这一切的着眼点都在伊朗。美国2003年入侵伊拉克所带来的意想不到的变化（伊朗的实力得到增强） 要求西方国家通过挑战伊朗在大马士革的盟友来削弱伊朗的实力。他说，在与我进行过严肃交谈的所有人当中，没有人怀疑叙利亚正在进行的是一场重大的地缘政治战争，叙利亚人民的利益被置之不顾。

Mr. Churkin added that Western diplomats were told Moscow could 'not accept the pressure of sanctions and external military involvement in Syrian affairs.' He said the West refused to spell out in the resolution the exclusion of military action.

丘尔金又说，西方外交官被告知，莫斯科无法接受制裁和外部军事力量介入叙利亚问题所带来的压力。他说，西方国家拒绝在决议中明确排除采取军事行动的可能。

Ms. Rice called Russia's fear of military intervention 'paranoid and disingenuous.' She told the Security Council that the resolution 'would in no way authorize or pave the way for foreign military intervention.'

赖斯称俄罗斯对军事干预的恐惧是偏执的表现，是虚伪的。她告诉安理会，这项决议绝不会授权其它国家对叙利亚进行军事干预，也不会为这种做法铺平道路。

'Russia argued that somehow this resolution would lead to military intervention,' said Mark Lyall Grant, the U.K. ambassador to the U.N. 'These arguments are irrational.'

英国驻联合国大使格兰特(Mark Lyall Grant)说，俄罗斯认为这项决议有可能导致军事干预，但这种观点没有道理。

'They have chosen to put their national interests ahead of the lives of millions of Syrians,' Sir Mark said.

格兰特说，俄罗斯选择将自己的国家利益置于数百万叙利亚民众的生命之上。

Germany's ambassador to the U.N., Peter Wittig, said that though the resolution wouldn't have been a 'silver bullet,' it would have given 'a realistic chance maybe the last chance to finally break the vicious cycle of violence.'

德国驻联合国大使维蒂希(Peter Wittig)表示，虽然这项决议并非解决叙利亚问题的特效武器，但它本可以提供一个最终打破暴力相向这一恶性循环的现实机会，这也许是最后的机会。

'Today was an opportunity lost,' Mr. Wittig said.

维蒂希说，这个机会今天失去了。

Analysts routinely cite three additional reasons for Moscow's continued support for the Syrian government: Russia's millions of dollars a year in legal arms sales to Syria; Russian naval access to a port at Tartus. on Syria's Mediterranean coast; and a desire to maintain its last ally in the Middle East.

分析人士常常列出如下三条理由解释莫斯科方面继续支持叙利亚政府的原因：俄罗斯每年对叙利亚合法的武器销售收入数额甚巨；俄罗斯海军可以停靠叙利亚在地中海沿岸城市塔尔图斯的一个港口；俄罗斯想要维系其在中东地区的最后一个盟友。

But analysts also say Russia's stance must be put in the context of Moscow's 30-year struggle against encroachment into its sphere of influence by militant Islam. The support given these groups at times by the U.S. and Gulf Arab nations opened a three-decade rift with Russia that began in Afghanistan and has run across the Northern Caucasus to the Balkans and now into Syria, analysts said.

但分析人士也说，必须在一个大背景下理解俄罗斯的立场：30年来，莫斯科方面一直在努力制止激进伊斯兰势力蚕食其势力范围的做法。分析人士说，美国和海湾阿拉伯国家不时给予这些势力的支持使得俄罗斯同这些国家陷入长达30年的不和之中。双方的分歧始于阿富汗，随后跨越北高加索地区，延伸至巴尔干半岛，现在则到了叙利亚。

Russia is opposed to regime change in Syria not only on principle, but because the likely new regime would be headed by an Islamist government inimical to Russian interests, analysts and diplomats say.

分析和外交人士说，俄罗斯不仅在原则上反对叙利亚政权更迭，还因为新政权可能会由伊斯兰政府领导，可能不利于俄罗斯的国家利益。