日本有多安全 数据和历史告诉你

HONG KONG — Violent crime in Japan, like the deadly knife attack at a center for the disabled in a Tokyo suburb on Tuesday, is all the more shocking because of its rarity. The country is one of the safest in the world, where the murder rate, for example, has declined steadily for half a century.

香港——就像周二在东京郊区一座残疾人服务中心发生的持刀行凶流血事件一样，日本的暴力犯罪格外令人震惊，因为实属罕见。日本是世界上最安全的国家之一，比如该国谋杀率在过去半个世纪一直在平稳地下降。

Researchers say several factors have contributed to that security. A 2013 United Nations study of global homicide rates pointed to decades of prosperity and relatively low economic inequality, strict gun laws, a tough criminal justice system with a good record of solving homicides, a postwar rejection of violence, and the social stigma connected to criminality as having all played a role.

研究人员表示，这样的安全程度由多种因素决定。联合国2013年的一项有关全球他杀率的研究，将原因指向数十年的繁荣、经济不平等程度相对较低、严格的枪支法规、在解决他杀问题方面有良好记录的严厉刑事司法系统、战后对暴力行为的抗拒，以及犯罪的社会污名，研究认为这些因素都起到了作用。

Last year, the number of crimes reported in Japan was the lowest since World War II, Kyodo News reported in January, citing the National Police Agency. The homicide rate in 2013 was 0.3 per 100,000 people, compared with 3.8 in the United States, according to data from the World Bank. Also in 2013, there were 13 gun murders in Japan, the National Police Agency said, while the United States had 8,454 firearm murders, the F.B.I. reported.

今年1月，共同社(Kyodo News)援引日本警察厅(National Police Agency)的数据报道，去年日本通报的犯罪案件量达到二战以来的最低点。世界银行的数据显示，2013年日本的他杀率为每10万人中有0.3人，相比之下，美国则为3.8人。同样是2013年，据日本警察厅统计，日本全国共有13人死于枪杀，而据美国联邦调查局(FBI)通报，美国为8454人。

But even though murders with multiple victims are uncommon in Japan, the country is not immune to them. Here are some of the mass killings in the country in recent decades.

不过，尽管造成多人受害的谋杀案在日本很少见，该国也不能完全避免这类犯罪。以下是日本最近几十年发生的大规模杀人案。

2008 Truck rampage, then a knifing

2008年 卡车冲撞，之后用刀砍杀

An auto parts worker hits pedestrians with a rental truck in Akihabara, a district in Tokyo known for electronics, then attacks passers-by with a knife, killing seven.

在东京以电子产品闻名的秋叶原区，一名汽车零部件工人驾驶一辆租来的卡车撞向行人，之后用刀砍杀路人，致7人死亡。

2001 School killing near Osaka

2001年 大阪附近的学校杀人案

A man with a knife kills eight children and injures 15 students and teachers at Ikeda Elementary School in an Osaka suburb.

一名持刀男子在大阪郊区的池田小学(Ikeda Elementary School)杀害8名儿童，砍伤15名学生和教师。

1995 Nerve gas attack on Tokyo subway

1995年 东京地铁神经毒气袭击

The cult Aum Shinrikyo releases sarin gas in the Tokyo subway system, killing 13 and sickening thousands more. Thirteen people, including Shoko Asahara, the leader of the cult, are on death row after being convicted in the killings. The group carried out an earlier sarin gas attack in Matsumoto that killed eight.

邪教团体奥姆真理教(Aum Shinrikyo)在东京地铁里释放沙林毒气，致13人死亡、数千人生病。包括教主麻原彰晃(Shoko Asahara)在内的13人被判死刑，迄今还未执行。更早的时候，该团体还曾在松本市制造另一起沙林毒气袭击事件，致8人死亡。

1982 Plane crash in Tokyo Bay

1982年 东京湾坠机事件

Investigators say the pilot of Japan Airlines Flight 350, flying a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-61, intentionally crashed the passenger jet into Tokyo Bay, killing 24.

调查人员表示，日本航空350航班的飞行员故意将其驾驶的麦道DC-8-61客机坠入东京湾，致24人丧生。

1948 Poisoning during a bank robbery

1948年 银行抢劫案中的投毒事件

A robber kills 12 bank workers in Tokyo by posing as a doctor and telling them to take dysentery medicine, which is actually poison containing cyanide.

一名抢劫犯假扮医生，让东京一家银行的工作人员服用防痢疾药，但实为含氰化物的毒药，致12人死亡。