APEC峰会闭幕 领土争端仍无进展

Asia-Pacific leaders took steps forward on trade and environmental issues at their weekend summit in Russia but their progress was overshadowed by continued diplomatic strains across the region.

亚太领导人上周末在俄罗斯举行峰会，并在贸易和环保等问题上取得进展，但该地区持续的外交紧张局势掩盖了会议成果。

The 21 members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, or APEC, forum agreed on tariff caps for an extended list of environmental products and vowed not to raise new trade barriers before 2015.

亚太经济合作组织(APEC)21个成员国同意就更多环保产品设定关税上限，并承诺在2015年前不增设新的贸易壁垒。

The meeting of APEC leaders was held in Vladivostok in Russia's far east, as European leaders grapple with ways to contain a sovereign-debt crisis which has eaten into economic growth in that region and sparked concern about a broader global slowdown.

APEC领导人会议在俄罗斯远东区的符拉迪沃斯托克举行，此时欧洲领导人正在想方设法遏制主权债务危机。该危机不仅影响到欧洲地区的经济增长，还引发人们对更广泛的全球经济放缓的担忧。

In a joint declaration released at the end of the summit, APEC members said events in Europe were adversely affecting growth in Asia-Pacific but said they would aim to avoid competitive devaluation of their currencies. Developed economies including the U.S. have urged export-oriented countries in the region, especially China, to support domestic demand by not letting their currencies fall too quickly or out of step with others.

APEC成员国在峰会结束时发表联合声明说，欧洲问题对亚太地区的经济增长产生不利影响，但它们说将力争避免出现成员国货币的竞争性贬值。美国等发达经济体一直敦促亚太区出口导向型国家（特别是中国）支持内需，不要让本国货币的贬值速度过快，或步调与别国不一致。

But despite that show of unity, and Russian President Vladimir Putin calling the agreement on environmental goods an 'important achievement,' the summit was marked by continued tensions over territorial claims, disagreement over the direction of future trade initiatives and security issues in the Middle East.

然而，尽管APEC表现得如此团结，而且俄罗斯总统普京(Vladimir Putin)还把有关环保产品协议称作“重要成就”，但在这次峰会上还是可以看到有关领土争端的持续紧张关系、在未来贸易举措走向方面的分歧以及中东安全问题等。

China President Hu Jintao and Japanese President Yoshihiko Noda held an informal 15-minute discussion Sunday amid rising tensions over a Japanese plan to nationalize in the coming week islands in the East China Sea that China also claims.

中国国家主席胡锦涛和日本首相野田佳彦(Yoshihiko Noda)周日举行了15分钟的非正式会谈。日本打算在本周将位于东中国海(East China Sea，中国称东海)的日中争议岛屿进行国有化，日中双方的紧张局势因此不断加剧。

Although the two sides agreed not to disclose the contents of the meeting, China's state-run news agency Xinhua released a report saying Mr. Hu told Mr. Noda that he was against nationalization of the islands-called Diaoyu by China and Senkaku by Japan-and that he believed the move would be invalid. Japanese officials said the Xinhua report appeared intended to draw attention to the dispute, and worried that China would only become more intransigent over the issue as it approaches a once-in-a-decade leadership transition this fall.

虽然日中双方同意不披露会谈内容，但中国官方通讯社新华社报道说，胡锦涛对野田佳彦说，他反对日本将钓鱼岛（日本称尖阁列岛(Senkaku)）国有化，并说他认为此举是无效的。日本官员说，新华社这篇报道似乎旨在吸引外界对这一争端的关注。他们担心，随着今秋10年一次中国领导人换届选举的临近，中国对这一问题的态度可能会更加强硬。

For China, there was little progress on a separate dispute in the South China Sea, after a planned meeting between Mr. Hu and Philippine President Benigno Aquino III fell through, according to a person familiar with the matter.

在南中国海(South China Sea, 中国称南海)的另一起领土争端中，中国也鲜有进展。知情人士表示，胡锦涛原定与菲律宾总统阿基诺三世(Benigno Aquino III)的会面未能如期举行。

The Russian and U.S. delegations meanwhile remained at loggerheads over the deepening crisis in Syria. Speaking on the sidelines of the forum, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said she discussed Syria with Russian officials but managed only limited progress. A new United Nations resolution sought by Russia and aimed at ending the violence in Syria would be pointless if it had 'no teeth,' as Syrian President Bashar al-Assad would ignore it, she said.

与此同时，美俄代表团在日益加深的叙利亚危机问题上仍争执不下。美国国务卿克林顿(Hillary Clinton)在峰会间歇说，她与俄罗斯官员讨论了叙利亚问题，但仅取得了有限进展。她说，如果俄罗斯寻求的、旨在结束叙利亚暴力局面的一项联合国新决议草案没有强制的有效措施的话，决议草案将毫无意义，因为叙利亚总统阿萨德(Bashar al-Assad)将对此视若无睹。

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov rejected U.S. calls for more economic pressure to be placed on Syria, saying at a press briefing: 'In Syria we are not supporting any sanctions because sanctions will not bring about anything.'

俄罗斯外长拉夫罗夫(Sergei Lavrov)反对美国提出的在经济上向叙利亚进一步施压的要求。拉夫罗夫在一个新闻吹风会上说，在叙利亚我们不会支持任何制裁措施，因为制裁不会取得任何成效。

Russia also used the summit as a platform for criticism after the European Commission recently started an antitrust investigation of natural gas giant OAO Gazprom.

俄罗斯还利用此次峰会批评欧盟委员会(European Commission)的做法。欧盟委员会最近开始对俄罗斯天然气巨头OAO Gazprom展开反垄断调查。

In a Sunday speech Mr. Putin accused European leaders of trying to use the company to subsidize what he saw as difficulties in Eastern European economies. Gazprom meets about a quarter of Europe's gas needs.

普京在周日的讲话中指责欧洲领导人试图利用Gazprom来缓解东欧经济体面临的困境。欧洲天然气供应约有四分之一来自Gazprom。

Mr. Putin said Russia's trade-about half of which is with the European Union-is shifting toward the Asia-Pacific region. He contrasted EU countries, which in his view face economic difficulties due to 'excessive social guarantees,' with Asia's growing emerging economies.

普京说，俄罗斯对外贸易（其中约有一半是对欧盟的贸易）开始转向亚太地区。他将欧盟成员国与亚洲不断增长的新兴经济体做了对比。普京认为，欧盟成员国因过度的社会保障而面临困境。

While the various diplomatic rows swirled, questions also were raised about APEC's long-term mission to create a region-wide free-trade zone, as competing trade organizations develop among member states. China, Japan and South Korea are set to begin working on a trade agreement with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in November, while the U.S. is leading an initiative of its own known as the Trans-Pacific Partnership with Australia, Canada, and Vietnam, among others.

在各种外交争端纷纷扰扰之际，随着成员国间建立相互竞争的贸易组织，峰会上有关APEC计划创建一个全地区范围的自由贸易区的长期任务也提出了疑问。中国、日本和韩国11月将开始与东南亚国家联盟(ASEAN，简称：东盟)协商制定一项贸易协议，而美国将牵头与澳大利亚、加拿大和越南等国加入泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协议（简称TPP）的谈判。

Although leaders at the summit generally argued the two agreements were not in competition, the U.S. push for the TPP has alienated some.

尽管与会领导人普遍认为上述两项协议不存在竞争关系，但美国推进TPP之举疏远了一些国家。

The TPP talks were dealt a setback during the summit with Japan deciding not to join the group, primarily because of domestic political concerns as the country heads into election season. Japan however is expected to eventually join the TPP.

在日本即将进入选举季之际，国内的政治担忧情绪从很大程度上使日本决定不加入TPP，围绕TPP的谈判在峰会期间随之受挫。不过，外界预计日本最终将加入TPP。

One bright spot from the meeting was the decision by leaders to sign off on an extended list of 54 environmental goods, which will have tariffs capped at 5% or less by 2015. Just what goods were to be included in the list had been a thorny topic since APEC announced the tariff goals last year.

峰会的一个亮点是与会领导人决定通过扩大后的54类环保产品清单。2015年前，这类产品的关税上限将为5%或更低。自去年峰会宣布了关税目标以来，清单中究竟应该包括哪些产品一直是个争论不休的话题。

The list in the end was expanded 54 items from 25 in one day. While some countries were unable to get all the items they wanted on the list-a person familiar with the matter said Indonesia pushed hard but failed to have crude palm oil included-they nonetheless rated the agreement highly, as it applies to a large industry facing a brewing trade war between member nations China and the U.S.

经过一天的讨论后，清单最终从25类扩大到54类。尽管一些国家不能将自己希望的所有产品都包括在清单中（一位知情人士说，印尼曾力推将毛棕榈油包括在清单内，但没有成功），与会国仍给予了该协议高度评价，因为该协议适用于一个中美两个成员国之间可能爆发贸易战的大型行业。

One senior Japanese trade official said: 'If I had to grade the agreement, I would give it 100 out of 100.'

日本一位高级贸易官员说，如果要让我给协议打分，我会打满分100分。