最新一轮对俄罗斯的制裁令美国公司遭受池鱼之殃

President Barack Obama followed the European Union’s lead Tuesday in announcing a fresh set of economic sanctions against Russia over its involvement in the Ukrainian uprising, but some U.S. companies that do business in Russia could also see their businesses affected by the West’s latest punishment.

周二，美国总统奥巴马紧随欧盟，宣布了一系列制裁俄罗斯的新措施，以惩罚俄方插手乌克兰事务。不过，一些在俄罗斯开展经营活动的美国公司可能会发现，西方的最新制裁措施也影响到了自己的生意。

The most recent sanctions aim to put even broader pressure on the energy, finance and defense sectors of the Russian economy. The U.S. initiated specific sanctions on three financial institutions – VTB Bank, the Bank of Moscow and the Russian Agriculture Bank – as well as the United Shipbuilding Corporation, the U.S. Treasury Department said Tuesday.

最新制裁措施目的旨在给俄罗斯的能源、金融和国防企业施加更全面的压力。美国财政部（U.S. Treasury Department）周二宣布，已针对三家俄罗斯金融机构——VTB Bank、莫斯科银行（Bank of Moscow）和俄罗斯农业银行（Russian Agriculture Bank），以及俄罗斯联合造船公司（United Shipbuilding Corporation）采取制裁措施。

One purpose of the sanctions put in place on Tuesday will be to cut Russia off from a supply of goods and technology that feeds the country’s energy sector. Bloomberg notes that multiple U.S. companies generate anywhere from 4% to 6% of their global sales by contributing to that supply chain – and are likely to take a hit after Tuesday’s announcement — including oilfield services companies such as Baker Hughes , Halliburton and Schlumberger .

这些制裁的目的之一是切断俄罗斯能源行业的商品和技术供给。彭博（Bloomberg）指出，这条供应链为多家美国公司贡献了4%-6%的全球销售收入，周二公布的制裁措施可能让这些公司受到打击，其中包括油田服务企业贝克休斯公司（Baker Hughes）、哈里伯顿公司（Halliburton）和斯伦贝谢公司（Schlumberger）。

Also put in a precarious spot is Exxon Mobil , which signed a huge deal with Moscow-backed oil company Rosneft three years ago to form a joint venture to extract oil and natural gas from the Arctic Ocean. Both companies have reportedly invested billions of dollars in the partnership, which now could be in jeopardy despite the fact that a drilling rig was already en route to the icy waters North of Russia from Norway last week.

同样处于危险境地的还有埃克森美孚（Exxon Mobil）。三年前，埃克森美孚和俄罗斯政府支持的俄罗斯石油公司（Rosneft）签订了一份重大合同，双方将组建合资公司在北冰洋开采石油和天然气。据报道，两家公司都已为此投入了数十亿美元资金。尽管上周一台钻机已经从挪威启程，奔赴俄罗斯以北的多冰海域，但这项合作现在处于危险状态。

The U.S. transportation industry could also be affected by escalating tensions between the West and Russia, as airplane manufacturer Boeing imports more than a third of its titanium from Russia to build its products and automakers such as Ford and General Motors sell hundreds of thousands of cars in Russia every year.

西方国家和俄罗斯之间的紧张局势升级还可能影响美国的交通运输行业——飞机制造商波音（Boeing）生产所需的钛金属有超过三分之一来自俄罗斯进口；汽车厂商福特（Ford）和通用汽车（General Motors）每年在俄罗斯的汽车销量都达到数十万辆。

Major food brands aren’t safe either, as fast-food companies McDonald’s and Wendy’s have recently come under fire from Russian officials. Meanwhile, PepsiCo and Coca Cola could both be worried about their own Russian operations, which have expanded rapidly in recent years. Coke has agreed to invest billions of dollars in the country in coming years, while Pepsi paid $5.4 billion in 2010 to acquire Wimm-Bill-Dann, which one of Russia’s largest food-and-beverage companies and its biggest dairy producer.

大型食品品牌也不安全。快餐企业麦当劳（McDonald’s）和温蒂汉堡（Wendy’s）最近都遭到了俄罗斯官员的批评。同时，百事可乐（PepsiCo）和可口可乐（Coca Cola）可能在担心自己的俄罗斯业务，近几年二者在俄罗斯扩张迅速。可口可乐已经同意，今后几年将在俄罗斯投资数十亿美元。2010年，百事可乐斥资54亿美元收购了Wimm-Bill-Dann，后者是俄罗斯最大的食品饮料公司之一，也是俄罗斯最大的乳制品生产商。