必备医学知识阅读

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　必备医学知识阅读：你会喝水吗

If Abraham Maslow had written the fitness hierarchy of needs, water would be the pyramid's most important block. A person can survive seeks without food but only a few days without water.

The recommended water consumption for adults is at least eight cups (64 ounces, or two quarts) a day. Water should be consumed regularly throughout the day because it cannot be stored in our bodies like carbohydrates, fat and protein.

Drinking water frequently throughout the day helps keep the metabolism going, thus contributing to weight loss. Water assists in flushing the body of waste; the most unusable substances exit the body through urine. That includes fat deposits. According to the American College of Sports Medicine, drinking an additional 1.5 quarts of water per day while following a nutritious diet can maximize fat loss. Water also can help suppress the appetite.

Drinking water between weight-lifting sets aids in muscle repair and recovery. After all, water constitutes 73 percent of lean muscle tissue. With properly hydrated muscles, you may find that you can push more weight and have a more effective workout. Without proper hydration, you compromise your workouts and decrease the body's ability to repair muscles between lifting sessions.

Cant's stand the taste of plain water? Try adding slices of lemon or lime. Flavored water works, too, but make sure it's not loaded with sugar. If the carbohydrate portion of the nutrition label reads anything other than zero carbohydrates, the water contains sugar.

Here are some tips on how to develop a good water-consumption habit:

·Carry a bottle of water with you at all times. Make sure you have a full bottle before leaving the house to run errands or while making the morning and evening commute.

·Keep a water bottle at your desk to encourage you to drink water throughout the day.

·When eating out, order a glass of water along with your beverage of choice. Drink the water first, then your other beverage. Make this a practice before all meals.

·For weight lifters, drink a couple glasses of water after your session in addition to drinking between sets.

Remember, it is best to consume water throughout the day. However, if you want a good night's sleep, cease drinking water about three hours before going to bed.

　必备医学知识阅读：夜惊的处理

A night terror is a relatively common occurrence that appears mostly in young children, typically between the ages of 3 to 5 years. 2 to 3% of all children will experience episodes of night terrors. By the time they reach school age, most of these children will have outgrown these generally harmless events.

Night Terror or Nightmare

A night terror is not the same thing as a nightmare. Nightmares occur during the dream phase of sleep known as REM sleep (this stands for Rapid Eye Movement; also known as "dreaming" sleep). The circumstances of the nightmare will frighten the child, who usually will wake up with a vivid memory of a long movie-like dream. Night terrors, on the other hand, occur during a phase of deep non-REM sleep - usually an hour or two after the child goes to bed. During a night terror, which may last anywhere from a few minutes up to an hour, the child is still asleep. Her eyes may be open, but she is not awake. When she does wake up, she'll have absolutely no recollection of the episode other than a sense of fear.

Why Does The Child Have Night Terrors

Several factors may contribute to night terrors. It's likely that if her parents had night terrors, the child will, too. Fatigue and psychological stress may also play roles in their occurrence. Make sure the child is getting plenty of rest. Be aware of things that may be upsetting to the child, and to the extent one is able, try to minimize the distress.

Children usually have night terrors at the same time each night, generally sometime in the first few hours after falling asleep. Doctors suggest parents wake their child about 30 minutes before the night terror usually happens. Get the child out of bed, and have her talk to you. Keep her awake for 5 minutes, and then let her go back to sleep.

Night terrors can be a frightening phenomenon of childhood but they are not dangerous. If they occur frequently or over a long period of time, however, discuss this with the doctor.

What Can Be Done

It's helpful to know that although these events may be disturbing, night terrors themselves are not harmful to the child. But because a child may get out of bed and run around the room, doctors do advise parents to gently restrain a child experiencing night terrors. Otherwise, let the episode run its course. Shouting and shaking the child awake will just agitate her more. Remember to warn babysitters and other family members who may be present overnight so that they will understand what is happening and won't overreact.