求职中也可能遭受歧视

You Can Be a Victim of Employment Discrimination Without Even Working

求职中也可能遭受歧视

We often think of employment discrimination as being something that happens to people who already have jobs. A woman may be denied a raise because of her sex, or an older person may be forced into retirement because of his age. But employment discrimination also happens on the front end of employment, when hiring decisions are being made. So if you are looking for a job, you need to understand your rights.

我们通常认为工作歧视仅发生于就职后的员工身上。女职员可能因为性别原因而被拒绝升职，上年纪的员工可能因年龄被强迫退休。但是工作歧视也会发生在公司拒绝你的求职申请阶段。如果你现在正在求职，你需要明确自己的权利。

●Age: Under some circumstances, employers cannot consider age when making hiring decisions. Under federal law, they can refuse to hire you because you are "too young" for a job, but they usually cannot refuse to hire you because you are "too old" for a job if you are at least 40 years old.

●年龄：一些情况下，招聘者无法因年龄问题拒绝求职申请。联邦法律规定，可以设工作的“最低年限”，但不能因为求职者“年龄过大”（比如：40岁），为借口拒绝他们。

●Race: Federal law prohibits discrimination in hiring based on race and ethnicity. State laws usually provide additional protections.

●种族：联邦法律禁止就业中的种族歧视。州立法律也有提供针对词条的额外保护条款。

●Sex: Federal law prohibits sex discrimination in hiring unless an employee's sex is a bona fide occupational qualification.

●性别：联邦法律禁止就业的性别歧视，除非特殊职业中的实际职业资格筛选。

●Pregnancy Status: The federal law prohibiting sex discrimination also bans discrimination based on pregnancy status.

●怀孕状况：禁止性别歧视的联邦法律条款里也包括怀孕状况歧视。

●Religion: Federal law prevents hiring discrimination based on religion or religious association.

●宗教：联邦法律禁止基于宗教和宗教关系的就业歧视。

●Disability: Federal law prohibits hiring discrimination based on a person's disability. Additionally, employers are required to make reasonable accommodations so that a person living with a disability can apply for, interview for, and ultimately perform a job.

●残疾：联邦法律禁止基于残疾的就业歧视。除此之外，雇佣者还应给来应聘或者工作的残疾人提供合适的住所。

●Gender Identity: Some state laws provide protections for transgender individuals. Additionally, there is at least an argument that federal sex-discrimination laws provide federal protections against hiring discrimination against transgender people.

●性别认同：有些州立法律对跨性别取向的求职者的保护条款。除此之外，联邦性别歧视法中还有条禁止对跨性别取向求职者的歧视。

●Sexual Orientation: Currently federal law does not protect people from hiring discrimination based on sexual orientation.

●性取向：现在的联邦法律并没有针对求职过程中性取向歧视的保护。

●Criminal Record: There are no federal protections for people with criminal records, but some states have passed what is called "ban the box" legislation.

●犯罪记录：现在的联邦法律也没有针对有犯罪记录的求职者的保护，但是有些州已经通过的“禁止调查记录”（禁止招聘者提前调查求职者是否有案底）的法律条款。

译文属原创，仅供学习和交流使用，未经许可，请勿转载。