富国每年资助穷国570亿美元应对气候变化
Wealthy countries are channelling around $57bn a year to help poorer nations deal with global warming, according to new findings on one of the most contentious issues in UN climate talks.
对联合国(UN)气候谈判中最具争议的问题之一所做的新研究发现，富裕国家目前每年输出约570亿美元用于帮助较贫穷国家应对全球变暖的问题。
The figure, from a study by the OECD group of developed nations, comes two months before delegates from nearly 200 countries head to Paris to broker a climate change accord that will lower greenhouse gas emissions.
该数据来自经合组织(OECD)所做的一项研究，该组织由发达国家组成。再过两个月，来自近200个国家的代表将前往巴黎参加气候变化大会，以期达成一项旨在减少温室气体排放的气候变化协议。
The sum is likely to be seized on by diplomats from wealthy nations to argue that their governments are well on the way to fulfilling a 2010 pledge to raise $100bn a year in public and private climate finance for poorer countries by 2020.
富裕国家的外交官们很可能会抓住该数字不放，以此辩称他们的政府正在朝着兑现2010年一项承诺的方向前进。这项承诺是到2020年每年从公共和私人来源为较贫穷国家筹集1000亿美元应对气候变化资金。
But it will be scrutinised in minute detail by envoys from poorer countries who say they cannot sign up to a deal in Paris if it lacks the funding they need to shift to greener energy systems and deal with the floods and heatwaves that scientists say are likely to increase as the climate changes.
但是，该数字将受到来自较贫穷国家的代表们的严密审视，他们称，如果协议中没有列明他们转向更清洁能源体系以及应对洪水和热浪所需资金的来源，他们将不会在巴黎签署协议。科学家称，随着气候变化，洪水和酷热天气很可能会日益增加。
French president, Fran Hollande, warned last month that efforts to seal a successful accord in December could fail unless wealthy countries make a serious commitment on climate finance.
法国总统弗朗索瓦攠朗德(Fran Hollande)上个月警告称，在12月签订气候协议的努力或将失败，除非富裕国家就气候融资作出郑重承诺。
But figuring out what should and should not be counted as climate funding from the complex web of foreign aid budgets, multilateral bank lending and other sources of money has proved extremely difficult.
但是，从外国援助预算、多边银行贷款以及其他资金来源构成的复杂资金网中判断哪些资金应该被算作气候融资，已经证实是极为困难的。
Studies since 2010 suggest the figure could be anything from $40bn to $175bn a year.
自2010年以来的研究表明，该数字可能介于每年400亿至1750亿美元之间。
In an attempt to get a clearer picture before the Paris meeting, the French government and its Peruvian counterpart, which hosted last year’s UN climate talks, asked the OECD to do a more detailed analysis on how close countries were to meeting the $100bn a year goal.
为了在巴黎气候大会前得到一个较清晰的概念，法国政府以及去年主办联合国气候谈判大会的秘鲁政府，要求经合组织进行一项更详细的分析，以了解各国距离每年提供总计1000亿美元气候融资的目标还有多远。
The result is a 61-page report that concludes wealthy countries mobilised $61.8bn in 2014, up from $52.2bn in 2013, making an average of $57bn a year for those two years, mostly from public rather than private sources.
结果是一份61页的报告，结论是2014年富裕国家调动了618亿美元，较2013年的522亿美元有所增加，使这两年的平均数字达到570亿美元，大部分资金来自公共部门而非私人来源。
“We take that as quite an encouraging picture of progress,” said the leader of the research, Simon Buckle, head of the OECD’s climate, biodiversity and water division.
“我们认为这是相当鼓舞人心的进展，”该研究的带头人——经合组织气候、生物多样性及水资源部门的负责人西蒙巴克尔(Simon Buckle)称。
“This is clearly not a perfect estimate,” he told reporters, explaining that the task confronting his team was so large he had not been confident that it would be possible to arrive at any firm figure.
“很明显这并非一项令人非常满意的估计，”他向记者表示，解释称其团队面临的任务非常艰巨，他原本甚至没有信心能够得到确切的数字。
“But we really think it’s a robust, up to date estimate that will be useful,” he said.
“但是我们的确认为这是一个站得住脚的最新估算，它将是有用的，”他称。
Mr Buckle said one of the report’s biggest contributions was its attempt to clarify how climate financing can be measured and defined.
巴克尔称，该报告最大的贡献之一是它试图明确对气候融资进行衡量和定义的方式。
The study does not, for example, include money relating to coal projects, even though Japan and Australia say funding for more efficient coal plants should be considered as a form of climate finance.
例如，该研究并未将与煤炭项目相关的资金包括在内，尽管日本和澳大利亚方面认为，为更高效的燃煤发电厂提供资金应该被视为气候融资的一种形式。
Japan has provided up to $3.2bn for such projects over 2013-14.
2013-14年间，日本为这类项目提供了多达32亿美元的资金。
The $57bn figure also excludes pledges wealthy countries have made totalling just over $10bn to a newly-established Green Climate Fund set up as a result of past UN talks.
570亿美元的数字也未计入富裕国家承诺向新成立的绿色气候基金(Green Climate Fund)提供的总计逾100亿美元资金。该基金的成立是联合国气候谈判的成果之一。
Several countries have made significant commitments of more funding in recent weeks, including the UK and China, which has offered $3.1bn over an unspecified time period.
最近几周，一些国家做出了提供更多资金的重大承诺，其中包括英国和中国，后者在未指明的时间段内已经提供了31亿美元的资金。
But poverty campaigners say a new draft of a negotiating text for a Paris accord released on Monday is still short on detail about how much money wealthy countries are willing to offer poorer nations in future.
但是，代表较贫穷国家的活动人士称，周一公布的为巴黎协议所拟的谈判文本的新草案，在富裕国家愿意在未来向较贫穷国家提供的资金额的问题上仍然缺少细节。
The text has an option for scaling up the $100bn a year pledge “from 2020”. But that is not good enough for an agreement that is supposed to be an enduring global response to climate change, said Tim Gore, climate change policy adviser at Oxfam.
该文本中有一项是“从2020年起”在每年1000亿美元资金的基础上逐步增加金额。但是，乐施会(Oxfam)气候变化政策顾问蒂姆戈尔(Tim Gore)称，对于一项应该作为全球应对气候变化的长期协议来说，该条款不够理想。
“To have nothing to say about the cost of achieving all this just seems barely credible,” he said.
“对实现这一切的成本只字不谈，似乎是不可信的，”他称。
