十大怪诞的睡眠障碍症状(上)

Sometimes we don't get enough, sometimes too much, and others we get just the right amount; but everyone needs sleep and no one can avoid it for too long. It is the single best way way to refresh the body and to relieve daily stress and tension. There's nothing better than being able to lie in a nice bed at night after a long day drift into a peaceful sleep. While we all do it, it is very complex in its own nature, being classified into four stages and two types, REM sleep and NREM sleep. During sleep the brain is extremely active, as we dream. However, while some of us dream, others have to deal with a variety of sleep disorders. Sleep disorders are common, and you've probably heard of many, but here are some weird sleep disorders that may open your eyes. So relax and enjoy a top 10 list of bizarre sleep disorders. Don't let them keep you up at night.

无论睡眠时间多久，每个人都必须睡觉。睡眠是重新激发身体活力和释放日常压力的最好方式。在一天的奔波忙碌后能躺在舒适的床上进入梦乡，真是世上最棒的事情。我们对睡眠看似熟悉，其实不然，睡眠的本质十分复杂，它包含四个阶段，可以划分成两种类型，即快速眼动睡眠和非快速眼动期睡眠。睡梦中，大脑依然十分活跃。每晚，当很多人享受美梦时，还有一部分人在痛苦地经受各种睡眠障碍困扰。睡眠障碍并不罕见，您或许已经听说过很多次，但接下来这些怪异的睡眠障碍症一定可以让您大开眼界。那么，我们放松一下来看看十大怪诞的睡眠障碍吧。千万不要在夜里被它们纠缠哦！

p Bruxism

10.磨牙症

More commonly known as teeth grinding, sleep bruxism is when someone, while sleeping, is known to clench or grind their teeth together. Many say that it is caused by stress, tension, anxiety, suppressed anger, or something as simple as a misalignment of the teeth. Simple treatments are given to correct the problem generally, such as a mouth guard or therapy. Though the condition doesn't seem very serious, in many cases sleep bruxism can become an issue. If the bruxism carries on for too long, it can lead to jaw disorders, damaged teeth, headaches, and other problems.

磨牙症更常见的表述是teeth grinding，其症状表现为：一个人在睡觉时咬紧牙关或者磨牙。通常认为磨牙是由于压力、紧张、焦虑、压抑愤怒或者仅仅是牙齿咬合不正引起的。一些简单的治疗措施，例如进行口腔防护或治疗，正常情况下就可以矫正这个问题。 尽管磨牙听起来并不严重，但不注意会成为很大的健康隐患。如果长期磨牙，可能导致上下颚咬合不正，造成牙齿损伤、头疼，甚至引起其他问题。

p Apnea

9.睡眠呼吸中止症

Sleep apnea is a very serious condition that is marked by the stopping and starting of breathing during the night. It is said that the condition elevates the risk for a stroke. Doctors say that loud snoring or waking up feeling tired even after a long nights rest may be indicators of sleep apnea. There are two main types of sleep apnea: obstructive, which is when the throat muscles relax and the airways narrow or close, and central sleep apnea, which is when the brain fails to send messages to the breathing muscles. Sleep apnea can be due to excess weight, high blood pressure, smoking, or a history of the disorder. Also, find information on how to stop snoring.

睡眠呼吸中止症是一种十分严重的疾病，其症状表现为患者睡觉时产生突发性呼吸停止，随后再恢复呼吸。这种疾病会使中风的概率上升。医生指出，如果一个人鼾声如雷，或者在一晚酣睡醒来之后仍觉疲惫，这可能就是患上睡眠呼吸中止症的信号。这种疾病有两种主要类型：一种是当咽喉肌肉放松时，气道变窄或者封闭，导致的中枢性睡眠呼吸中止；一种是大脑未能成功传递信息给呼吸肌导致的睡眠呼吸中止。睡眠呼吸中止症可能由超重、高血压、吸烟、睡眠障碍家族病史等因素引起。

ambulism

8.梦游

Better known as sleepwalking, somnambulism is said to be a pretty harmless condition that many people grow out of over time. However, it can be serious in some cases, as those who sleepwalk generally do daily tasks, so a sleepwalker could easily get into a car and drive. It is said that 15% of children between the ages of 8-12 experience sleepwalking. Many times the person who sleepwalks will not remember it, but may wake up with glassy eyes or speaking clumsily. Sleep walking it usually caused by an underlying problem, such as seizures, sleep apnea, PTSD, or arrhythmias, and is therefore not treated. Instead the cause of sleep walking becomes the main focus.

梦游，也就是我们通常理解的睡眠中无意识的走动，多是由加班熬夜造成的。有些人认为梦游对身体没有害处，但在一些情况下，梦游的后果会很严重。这是因为睡梦中梦游患者常会无意识重复白天的行为，例如梦游时可能自然地走入车内并开走它，真是细思极恐。有数据显示，在8-12岁的儿童中，15%的小朋友有过梦游的经历。梦游的人经常不记得睡梦中发生了什么，他们可能醒来时目光呆滞，口齿笨拙。梦游通常由一个潜在的病因引发，例如，癫痫、睡眠窒息、伤后应激障碍和心律不齐。若不彻底查清病因，梦游无法直接治愈，除非有一天，导致梦游的这些病因能够受到人们的极大关注。

olepsy

7.发作性睡病

We've all been tired during the day at some point in time, but people with narcolepsy are generally extremely tired during the day and will often experience sudden sleep spells. Narcoleptics can be extremely serious, but there is still no known cure. One out of every 2,000 people is said to have narcolepsy. Plenty of treatments exist, but none fully get rid of the condition. Doctors believe that brain chemicals, notably hypocretin, play a large role in narcolepsy. Generally these cells are excessively damaged, which causes disruptions to sleep patterns, as hypocretin is known to regulate the REM sleep cycle as well as staying awake. However, no one knows why these cells are damaged, and how they become damaged.

正常情况下，人们只会在一天中某个时间点感到困顿，嗜睡的人则一整天疲惫不堪，常常像瞬间被施了睡眠魔咒一样突然间困倦。患嗜睡症有时会造成非常严重的后果而且目前该病仍然无法治愈。据调查，每2000个人中就有一个嗜睡症患者。治疗方法虽多，但所有的方法都是治标不治本。医生认为大脑中某些化学物质，尤其是下视丘分泌素，是造成嗜睡的关键因素之一。下视丘分泌素是调节人体快速眼动睡眠周期并使人保持清醒的物质，通常情况下，患嗜睡症的人下视丘分泌素被严重破坏，因而人类的睡眠模式被打破。然而，没有人知道这些细胞为什么会被损害，目前也不知道它们是如何被损害的。

less Legs Syndrome (RLS)

6.抖腿综合症

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is classified by a strong and urgent need to move the legs. The urge is said to be extremely hard to resist, as there are often uneasy feelings felt inside of the legs. Some say it's a prickling sensation while others say it's more of a tingling feeling. In any case, the sensations can be painful, which makes sitting or lying down hard for those with RLS. RLS is a sleep disorder because the condition is said to be its worse at night and then eases off in the morning and it causes disruptions to normal sleep patterns. It is said that 5%-10% of people in the U.S. and Northern Europe will experience RLS.

抖腿综合症的患者常会受强烈的抖腿需求的支配不自觉抖动双腿。患病者腿部常常深感不适，以至于忍不住地抖动双腿。有患者称腿部有如针扎般的刺痛感，也有患者称发病的痛苦远不止于此。不论是何种形式的疼痛，这种不适都会使人坐卧难安。抖腿综合症也被认为是一种睡眠障碍，因为它总会把病人折磨地半夜醒来。这种病症往往在夜晚发作，白天能得到缓解。据说，在美国和北欧有5%—10%的人在遭受着抖腿综合症的折磨。

翻译:风舞落月 来源:前十网