新概念英语4学习笔记：第9课 Royal Espionage
本文选自吴应时的《应时新概念英语4》，是学习新概念英语第四册的辅助学习笔记，提供知识点精讲及解析，想知道具体都有哪些内容，那就一起来看看吧。
第一段语法符号详解：
1. Alfred the Great acted as spy, visiting…
简单句，主谓宾结构，后面有一个现在分词短语和一个过去分词短语，两个均作状语，visiting…camps 可以理解成作伴随状语，修饰 acted 这一动作；disguised…minstrel 则作方式状语，修饰 visiting.
Alfred the Great (849-899)，建议搜索了解大帝的生平.
2. minstrels were welcome…
简单句，主谓结构.
3. They were not men, and their harp was their passport.
并列句，均为主系表结构.
4. Alfred had learned ballads, and could vary his programme…
并列句，均为主谓宾结构.
第二段语法符号详解：
1. While army began to gather, the king set out to penetrate the camp…
复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，while 引导的时间状语从句亦为主谓宾结构.
2. These had settled down: Alfred went…
并列句，前后两个句子，以冒号相隔. 前句为主谓结构，后句有倒装，还原为 Alfred went thither. 也是主谓结构.
3. He noticed that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence, and precautions were casual.
复合句，前后两个句子，以冒号相隔. 第一句为主谓+宾语从句结构，宾语从句为主系表结构. 冒号后面的句子为并列句，由两个句子组成，第一句为主谓宾结构，第二句为主系表结构.
4. They lived on the proceeds…
简单句，主谓宾结构，谓语由动词词组担任，live on 一起作谓语方能理解成以什么为生. 这里用逗号将 live on 分开，可以理解成强调 well. 有人认为 well 和 on the proceeds…regions 并列作状语，这样理解不是很恰当，因 on the proceeds 只能作地点状 语，相当于在某处生活.
5. they collected women, and a life had made them soft.
并列句，前句为主谓宾结构，后句为主谓宾+宾补结构
第三段语法符号详解：
1. Alfred stayed…before he returned…
复合句，主句为主谓结构，before 引导的时间状语从句亦为主谓结构.
这里网上有人认为句中 a week 不等于 for a week，因此不应理解为“在 camp 待了一周”，而是“在他回到阿塞尔纳的一周前，阿尔弗雷德一直待在敌营”. 这里似乎缺少了 for，但毕竟这里涉及史实，我查了别的书籍，全都写的是待了几 天. Alfred stayed [in the Danish camp] [for several days], [singing his songs and playing sweet music], and [all the time] [watching and listening].[1] 这里 all the time 后面的伴随状 语，你也可以看作 Alfred was watching and listening [all the time]. 从这可以看出，原句 的理解应为一个星期，而不是一周前. 应为实际上也不是 7 天，所以翻译中我加了“大约”二字.
其实作者不过是把地点状语提前了，调换一下就没有这种模棱两可的情况了：
Alfred stayed a week in the camp before…因为 stay 和 last 一样，本身带有持续性的意义，可以省略 for.
2. The force was trivial…
简单句，主系表结构.
3. Alfred had deduced that the Danes were fit and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on raids…
复合句，以冒号分为两句，第一句为主谓+宾语从句结构，宾语从句为主系表结构. and 后面是省略了主语和谓语 Alfred had deduced 的宾语从句，这里的冒号可以理
解成分号. 该宾语从句为并列句，以 but 相连，均为主谓宾结构，只不过 but 后面这句省略了主语 their commissariat. 这句的 irregular 如果是描述军队，可以表达 irregular military 非正规军队，regular military 正规军队，所以这里的抢夺也是不正规的，也就 是瞎抢，并没有按照规划，从东边抢到西边，或者从富户抢起。
第四段语法详解：
1. Alfred did not risk battle but harried the enemy.
并列句，以 but 连接，两句均为主谓宾结构，第二句省略了主语 Alfred.
2. He was on the move.
简单句，主系表结构，后面跟一个现在分词作伴随状语.
3. His patrols halted parties: hunger assailed army.
简单句，主系表结构，后面跟一个现在分词作伴随状语.
4. Alfred began skirmishes and the Danes had surrendered.
并列句，首句主谓宾结构，and 后句为主谓结构.
5. The episode could serve as a(n) epic
简单句，主谓宾结构. 翻译的时候，将 episode 放在了最后.
