2020年托福阅读考试题材分类统计
正所谓“知己知彼方能百战百胜”，考生要想攻克托福阅读难题取得托福阅读高分，就要知道考什么题材，什么题材考的最多，以便考生备考时更有针对性，接下来小编就给大家分享一下2020年托福阅读考试题材分类统计。
2020年托福阅读考试题材分类统计
1.2020年托福阅读最高频的题材依然是生物类，占样本总数的35%。
生物类题材主要涉及：动/植物习性特点研究、物种的进化、物种的灭绝、物种数量激增/减少的原因等。
2.中频题材包括：历史类、地质类和考古类，分别占样本总数的8%-10%不等。
历史类题材的比重与去年相比大大增加，数量甚至超过了往年比较热门的考古类题材。内容主要涉及帝国的兴起和衰落、人类定居、历史事件、特定历史时期社会的发展等。
地质类题材的比重较去年有所上升，选材非常有针对性，基本上围绕地球大气/洋流/土壤/冰川/地下水的形成、地理与社会发展的相互影响、地震预测、板块漂移学说展开。
考古类题材的比重一直趋于稳定。内容主要涉及古生物考古、古代遗迹、考古新发现等。
3.低频题材包括社会类、农业类、经济类、天文类、科技类、环境类和艺术类，分别占样本总数的4%-7%不等。
农业类、天文类、艺术类历年所占的比重都较小。
农业类一般涉及农业变革、新技术在农业领域的运用、特定时期/社会农业的发展。
天文类的选材也很有特点，通常涉及行星的地质特点、行星上是否存在水/生命、彗星、行星/宇宙的形成、宇宙理论的猜想/争论。
艺术类主要涵盖某国/文明艺术特点、壁画研究、艺术流派等。
社会类、经济类、科技类和环境类往年所占比例较高，但2017年比重均有所下降。
社会类涵盖城市发展、人口增长、铁路/通讯/报业的发展等。
经济类涵盖工业革命、特定历史时期/国家经济的发展、经济大萧条、制造业的发展等。
科技类题材集中于电灯/钟表/印刷术/打印机的发明。
环境类涉及生态系统、能源、水资源、环境污染、人类活动对环境的影响等。
托福阅读题材分类详细介绍
1. 人：学术阅读中最常出现的就是各种科学家，以ist和er结尾居多。
例如：anthropologist，archaeologist，paleontologist，zoologist，geographer，astronomer
(人类学家，考古学家，古生物学家，动物学家，地理学家，天文学家)
这类的词汇大家无需记住拼写，只要在阅读中出现可以辨认就足以。在面对未知的专有名词时，至少要判断他们存在于那个学科，才好进行下一步的推理。
2. 地质、地貌：这类文章在托福学术阅读中比重很大。建议大家对常用词汇进行积累。
例如：volcano，layer，conglomerate，karst，porous，permeable，meteorolite，asteroid
火山，(地)层，砾岩，喀斯特地貌(石灰岩的一种地形)，多孔的(有透气性与透水性)，可渗透的，陨石，小行星
3. 气候、动物与生态：与生物和地球有关的话题是托福永远的宠儿。
例如：unpredictable，vary，range from，extinction，endangered，tropical，jungle，equatorial
不可预测的，改变(动词)，变化幅度(动词)，灭绝，濒危的，热带的，丛林，赤道附近的
4. 历史、考古，这类题材是分水轮流转的对象，也要加以注意。
尤其是历史文章的考法不是单纯的讲古，而是从各个层面切入，有很多的表现形式。可能是古人类的迁徙，那就是人类历史。贸易和交通运输的发展，那就是经济史，等等。
例如，relics，remains，mausoleum，handicraft，cohesiveness，territorial，civilization
遗迹，遗迹或残骸，陵墓，手工艺品，凝聚性，领土的，文明
【托福阅读提分】托福阅读文章5种题材揭秘
托福阅读文章题材一：自然和自然科学
大约占比30%左右，也就是所有题材中占比最大的一部分，这个部分包含天体、地理、气候和化学等学科内容;
托福阅读文章题材二：生物科学
大约占比20%左右，这一部分包含，动物学、植物学、细胞学和生物化学等学科的相关学习内容。
托福阅读文章题材三：艺术和美国历史
这部分内容大致涵盖音乐、表演、电影和电视等艺术形式。
托福阅读文章题材四：社科类文章和人文类文章
分别占比10%左右，社科类文章包括经济学、考古学、人类学、通信和媒体等内容，而人文类文章则更多涵盖历史和语言学等内容，占比最少并且基本很少考察的题材则是人物传记类，这类文章更容易出现在GRE、SAT等北美升学类考试中。
托福阅读原题整理练习
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term icebox had entered the American language, but icewas still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice tradegrew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by someforward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, halfthe ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston andChicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new householdconvenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenthcentury, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration,was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the icefrom melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the rtheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept theice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve thedelicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the righttrack. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the villageof Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport hisbutter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs ofhis competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-poundbricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have totravel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The influence of ice on the diet
(B) The development of refrigeration
(C) The transportation of goods to market
(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century
2. According to the passage , when did the word icebox become part of the language of the
United States?
(A) in 1803
(B) sometime before 1850
(C) during the civil war
(D) near the end of the nineteenth century
3. The phrase forward-looking in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) progressive
(B) popular
(C) thrifty
(D) well-established
4. The author mentions fish in line 4 because
(A) many fish dealers also sold ice
(B) fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars
(C) fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice
(D) fish was not part of the ordinary person's diet before the invention of the icebox
5. The word it in line 5 refers to
(A) fresh meat
(B) the Civil War
(C) ice
(D) a refrigerator
6. According to the passage , which of the following was an obstacle to the development of the
icebox?
(A) Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars
(B) The lack of a network for the distribution of ice
(C) The use of insufficient insulation
(D) Inadequate understanding of physics
7. The word rudimentary in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) growing
(B) undeveloped
(C) necessary
(D) uninteresting
8. According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would
(A) completely prevent ice from melting
(B) stop air from circulating
(C) allow ice to melt slowly
(D) use blankets to conserve ice
9. The author describes Thomas Moore as having been on the right track (lines 18-19) to indicate
that
(A) the road to the market passed close to Moore's farm
(B) Moore was an honest merchant
(C) Moore was a prosperous farmer
(D) Moore's design was fairly successful
10. According to the passage , Moore's icebox allowed him to
(A) charge more for his butter
(B) travel to market at night
(C) manufacture butter more quickly
(D) produce ice all year round
11. The produce mentioned in line 25 could include
(A) iceboxes
(B) butter
(C) ice
(D) markets
PASSAGE 1 BBACC DBCDA B
