高中英语代词的用法详解
代词是代替名词的词,在高中英语的应用是比较广泛的，下面本站的小编将为大家带来高中英语代词的用法的介绍，希望能够帮助到大家。
1常见考法
1.人称代词的宾格在简略答语中的使用。
2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。
, one, that, ones, those作为替代词的用法区别。
表天气、时间、距离等句型及it作形式主语、形式宾语。
5.反身代词和疑问代词。
2代词的分类
代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。
人称代词 主格：I我 you你 he他 she她 they他们 we我们
宾格：me我 you你 him他 her她 them他们 us我们
物主代词 my我的 his他的 your你的(your你们的) their他们的 her她的
指示代词 this这 that那 these这些 those 那些
反身代词myself我自己 himself他自己 themselves他们自己
疑问代词who谁 what什么 which哪个
不定代词some一些 many许多 both两个;两个都
关系代词which……的物 who……的人 that……的人或物 who谁 that引导定语从句
相互代词 each other 互相 one another互相
连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever
替代词one(单数)，ones(复数) 用于替代前面出现的同类事物
3人称代词
1)人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。
2)人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：
I like table tennis. (作主语)
Do you know him?(作宾语)
3)人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：
---Who is knocking at the door?
---It’s me.
4)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：
He is older than me.
He is older than I am.
4物主代词
1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性
物主代词，如下表所示。
2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：
Our teacher is coming to see us.
3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主语)
Is this English-book yours? (作表语)
I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作宾语)
5反身代词
1)作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。
He called himself a writer.
2)作表语。
The girl in the news is myself.
3)作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。
You should ask the teacher himself.(作宾语同位语)
6不定代词
1)some与any的区别
①some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。
②any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。
③any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。
2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
①用作形容词：
②a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。
Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)
She slept very little last night.
3)other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。
①other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。
Where are his other books?
②other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.
③other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
④“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
⑤another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one.
Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?
⑥another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。
I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.
4)all和both的用法。
①all指三者以上的人或物，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。
②both作代词。
Both of them came to see Mary.
Michael has two sons. Both are clever.
③both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。
Both his younger sisters are our classmates.
7疑问代词
疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：
Who is going to come here tomorrow? (作主语)
8It 的用法
(1)作人称代词
John likes playing Pingpong./ He always does it in the afternoon.(指代上下文提到的事物);
(2)引导词
A.作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。
It's important for us to learn a second language.
B.作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。
We feel it our duty to help others.
C.强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分+that (或who)…
(3) it，one，that 的区别：
one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同一事物。
9误区提醒
文化背景不清、习惯用法错误、短语搭配错误、同类词语用法不清。
典型例题
se come in and make ____ at home. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. yours
解析：错选A。有些动词可后加反身代词作宾语，如bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave 等，make oneself at home是招待客人时的礼貌用语，此题中后有boys,所以正确答案C。
he said is ____ but practical since ____ depends on “ if”.
hing;everything ing;everything ything;anything ;everything
解析：错选B或C。anything but 为“绝对，一点也不”;nothing but为“只是”，本题意思是：既然他说的一切取决于不确定因素，那么那些话绝对不实际。正确答案A。
点击下页查看更多高中英语介词短语在句中的作用 高中英语介词短语在句中的作用1介词的搭配与选择
介词不能在句子中独立充当一个成分，而需要与其后面的宾语相结合，成为介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。所以选用什么介词要根据其后面所接的宾语而定。但是，有时介词也受其前面用词的限制，因此，许多情况下也应根据介词前面的词选用相应的介词。
2介词的语法功能
介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分，构成介词短语。介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语，间或作主语等。
例如：
The skyscraper in the distance isa five-star hotel.(定语)
Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语)
The decision is of great importance to me.(表语)
They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语)
A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介词宾语)
On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)
3介词的分类
介词是用于名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构之前，表示词语之间意义关系的词类。 英语常用的介词大致可分为四类：
1.简单介词
顾名思义，简单介词是指由一个单词构成的介词，也是使用最频繁的一类介词。简单介词也可能由形容词、副词、分词、名词、连词等转变而来。常用的简单介词有：
at，about，above，across，after，among， against，before，behind，below，beside，between，beyond，but，despite，during，except，for，in，of，on，over，near，past， round，since，through，till，until，with，up等。
2.合成介词
指由介词+其它介词或副词构成的介词。常用的合成介词有：
inside，into，onto， outside，throughout，towards，within，without等。
3.二重介词
指由两个单一的介词并列在一起，作为一个介词使用并表达一个完整意思的介词。常见的二重介词有：
from among，from behind，from under，until /till after等。
4.短语介词
指由介词+介词、介词+名词、介词+分词、介词+动词、介词+形容词、介词+副词等构成的短语.常用的有：
according to， along with，in front of，by means of，in spite of，together with，with regard to等。短语介词与介词短语不同。介词短语是由介词加宾语构成，本身可作句子成分，如定语或状语等，可单独使用;而短语介词是用作介词的短语，不可独立使用，本身不能作句子成分，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等。
4介词的宾语
介词的宾语可以是名词、代词或其他词类或句子等。例如：
名词：The car ran into a wall，and two men were killed.
代词：Wherever he went，he carried the photo with him.
形容词：Your plan is far from perfect.
副词：I can't see the tower clearly from came from afar.
动名词：He entered the room without taking off his hat.
不定式：He did nothing but cry.
介词短语：She often studies till after midnight.
数词：In nine out often he won't come.
疑问词+不定式：The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle.
疑问词引导从句：He does not care about who will be promoted.
that引导的从句：Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak.
5介词短语的句法功能
1.作定语
The key to the door is missing.
2.作表语
As we know, Japanis to the east of China.
3.作状语
1) On Sundays, the family are mostly out. (时间状语)
2) On top of the hill stands a TV tower. (地点状语)
3)All the work must be done by hand. (方式状语)
6介词的复合结构
1. 介词+宾语+形容词
He is used to sleeping with all the windows open.
2. 介词+宾语+分词
The wounded boy glared at the nobleman with his teeth clenched.
3. 介词+宾语+不定式
The cat humped its back just like a fierce tiger to jump upon me.
4. 介词+宾语+副词
The little boy rushed out of the house without anything on.
5. 介词+宾语+介词短语
The teacher entered the classroom with a book under his arm.
7介词的叠用
在少数介词之后还可接另一个介词短语，也就是我们所称的二重介词。如：
The naughty boy suddenly rushed out from behind the tree to frighten the girl.
四、介词+and+介词
Not knowing what to do, the worried officer walked up and down the room.
There are many trees in and outside the town.
8介词的固定搭配
在英语中固定搭配的介词词组和短语介词很多，平时需要加强记忆。此处讲解几个常见的动词与介词的固定搭配，并且就较容易混淆的介词搭配进行比较、分辨。
as 担任 act for 代理
y to 应用于，适合于，向……申请 apply for 申请，要求
ng to 属于 belong in住在，应该…… belong with 应归于(类别，范畴等)
on 号召，请求，拜访 call at 探访(at后接地方) call in 请医生，召集，收集 call to 高声唤(某人)
are with 跟……相比较 compare to 把……比作，与……相比
espond with 与……通信;适合 correspond to 相当于
in 做生意，经营(=engage in) deal with 对付，论及，与……交往(=cope with)
with 玩(某物) play at玩(某种游戏) play on 玩(某种乐器)
er from 患(病)，受……祸患.
on 伺候 wait for等待
9常易混用介词的区别
1. 表示“上、下”等方位的介词。
2. 表示地点的in和at的区别
a) at表示位置，in表示“在…内”如：
— Where is he? — He is at the cinema. (问话者想知道的是位置)
— Is he in the cinema? — Yes, he is. (问话者可能已经在影院门外)
b) at表示小地点，in表示大地点
They arrived at the village at seven.
They arrived in Beijing at seven.
3. in, to和on在方位名词前的区别
in表示在某范围之内;to表示某范围之外的地方;on表示“毗邻、接壤”
Taiwanlies in the east ofChina.
Taiwanlies to the east of the mainland ofChina.
Mongolia (蒙古) is (lies) on the north of China.
4. 表示时间的in和after
用于将来时态时，in后面接“时段”;after后面接“时点”。试比较：
He will be back in five hours.
He will be back after five o’clock.
after后面也可接“时段”，但应该用在过去时态的句子中。
They came back after five days.
10常见考法
一些常见介词如in, at, for, to, by, on, against, between, along, below, with, as等的辨析;
一些介词短语如next to, far from, out of, due to, in all, in fact, in short, in return, in search of, in place of, for lack of, for fear of, by nature, in case, by chance 的辨析.
11误区提醒
1. 一些介词的基本用法不清;2. 一些多义介词的用法弄混;3. 一些介词短语不会灵活运用。
【典型例题】
d you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ____ everyone’s enjoyment.
B. at C. for D. to
解析: 错选D。for everyone’s enjoyment 意为“为了大家欣赏”，for在此处为一基本用法，但受to one’s joy的影响错选答案。正确答案为C。
2. So far, we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ____ ideal. We have to work still harder.
A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to
解析：错选C。next to 挨着，far from 远非，out of 出于，due to 因为，根据意思，有空的句子要表达“但还很不理想”。正确答案为B。
高中英语介词短语在句子中的作用
1介词的搭配与选择
介词不能在句子中独立充当一个成分，而需要与其后面的宾语相结合，成为介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。所以选用什么介词要根据其后面所接的宾语而定。但是，有时介词也受其前面用词的限制，因此，许多情况下也应根据介词前面的词选用相应的介词。
2介词的语法功能
介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分，构成介词短语。介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语，间或作主语等。
例如：
The skyscraper in the distance isa five-star hotel.(定语)
Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语)
The decision is of great importance to me.(表语)
They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语)
A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介词宾语)
On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)
3介词的分类
介词是用于名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构之前，表示词语之间意义关系的词类。 英语常用的介词大致可分为四类：
1.简单介词
顾名思义，简单介词是指由一个单词构成的介词，也是使用最频繁的一类介词。简单介词也可能由形容词、副词、分词、名词、连词等转变而来。常用的简单介词有：
at，about，above，across，after，among， against，before，behind，below，beside，between，beyond，but，despite，during，except，for，in，of，on，over，near，past， round，since，through，till，until，with，up等。
2.合成介词
指由介词+其它介词或副词构成的介词。常用的合成介词有：
inside，into，onto， outside，throughout，towards，within，without等。
3.二重介词
指由两个单一的介词并列在一起，作为一个介词使用并表达一个完整意思的介词。常见的二重介词有：
from among，from behind，from under，until /till after等。
4.短语介词
指由介词+介词、介词+名词、介词+分词、介词+动词、介词+形容词、介词+副词等构成的短语.常用的有：
according to， along with，in front of，by means of，in spite of，together with，with regard to等。短语介词与介词短语不同。介词短语是由介词加宾语构成，本身可作句子成分，如定语或状语等，可单独使用;而短语介词是用作介词的短语，不可独立使用，本身不能作句子成分，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等。
4介词的宾语
介词的宾语可以是名词、代词或其他词类或句子等。例如：
名词：The car ran into a wall，and two men were killed.
代词：Wherever he went，he carried the photo with him.
形容词：Your plan is far from perfect.
副词：I can't see the tower clearly from came from afar.
动名词：He entered the room without taking off his hat.
不定式：He did nothing but cry.
介词短语：She often studies till after midnight.
数词：In nine out often he won't come.
疑问词+不定式：The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle.
疑问词引导从句：He does not care about who will be promoted.
that引导的从句：Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak.
5介词短语的句法功能
1.作定语
The key to the door is missing.
2.作表语
As we know, Japanis to the east of China.
3.作状语
1) On Sundays, the family are mostly out. (时间状语)
2) On top of the hill stands a TV tower. (地点状语)
3)All the work must be done by hand. (方式状语)
6介词的复合结构
1. 介词+宾语+形容词
He is used to sleeping with all the windows open.
2. 介词+宾语+分词
The wounded boy glared at the nobleman with his teeth clenched.
3. 介词+宾语+不定式
The cat humped its back just like a fierce tiger to jump upon me.
4. 介词+宾语+副词
The little boy rushed out of the house without anything on.
5. 介词+宾语+介词短语
The teacher entered the classroom with a book under his arm.
7介词的叠用
在少数介词之后还可接另一个介词短语，也就是我们所称的二重介词。如：
The naughty boy suddenly rushed out from behind the tree to frighten the girl.
四、介词+and+介词
Not knowing what to do, the worried officer walked up and down the room.
There are many trees in and outside the town.
8介词的固定搭配
在英语中固定搭配的介词词组和短语介词很多，平时需要加强记忆。此处讲解几个常见的动词与介词的固定搭配，并且就较容易混淆的介词搭配进行比较、分辨。
as 担任 act for 代理
y to 应用于，适合于，向……申请 apply for 申请，要求
ng to 属于 belong in住在，应该…… belong with 应归于(类别，范畴等)
on 号召，请求，拜访 call at 探访(at后接地方) call in 请医生，召集，收集 call to 高声唤(某人)
are with 跟……相比较 compare to 把……比作，与……相比
espond with 与……通信;适合 correspond to 相当于
in 做生意，经营(=engage in) deal with 对付，论及，与……交往(=cope with)
with 玩(某物) play at玩(某种游戏) play on 玩(某种乐器)
er from 患(病)，受……祸患.
on 伺候 wait for等待
9常易混用介词的区别
1. 表示“上、下”等方位的介词。
2. 表示地点的in和at的区别
a) at表示位置，in表示“在…内”如：
— Where is he? — He is at the cinema. (问话者想知道的是位置)
— Is he in the cinema? — Yes, he is. (问话者可能已经在影院门外)
b) at表示小地点，in表示大地点
They arrived at the village at seven.
They arrived in Beijing at seven.
3. in, to和on在方位名词前的区别
in表示在某范围之内;to表示某范围之外的地方;on表示“毗邻、接壤”
Taiwanlies in the east ofChina.
Taiwanlies to the east of the mainland ofChina.
Mongolia (蒙古) is (lies) on the north of China.
4. 表示时间的in和after
用于将来时态时，in后面接“时段”;after后面接“时点”。试比较：
He will be back in five hours.
He will be back after five o’clock.
after后面也可接“时段”，但应该用在过去时态的句子中。
They came back after five days.
10常见考法
一些常见介词如in, at, for, to, by, on, against, between, along, below, with, as等的辨析;
一些介词短语如next to, far from, out of, due to, in all, in fact, in short, in return, in search of, in place of, for lack of, for fear of, by nature, in case, by chance 的辨析.
11误区提醒
1. 一些介词的基本用法不清;2. 一些多义介词的用法弄混;3. 一些介词短语不会灵活运用。
【典型例题】
d you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ____ everyone’s enjoyment.
B. at C. for D. to
解析: 错选D。for everyone’s enjoyment 意为“为了大家欣赏”，for在此处为一基本用法，但受to one’s joy的影响错选答案。正确答案为C。
2. So far, we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ____ ideal. We have to work still harder.
A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to
解析：错选C。next to 挨着，far from 远非，out of 出于，due to 因为，根据意思，有空的句子要表达“但还很不理想”。正确答案为B。
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